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Petrogenesis of the Cambrian Liv Group, a bimodal volcanic rock suite from the Ross orogen, Transantarctic Mountains

Christopher D. Wareham^*,1, Edmund Stump^,2, Bryan C. Storey^,3, Ian L. Millar^,4 and Teal R. Riley^,5

¹ British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
² Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
³ British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
⁴ British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
⁵ British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK

Cambrian volcanic rocks of the Liv Group, defined here as including the Wyatt, Ackerman, Taylor, Fairweather, and Leverett Formations, occur along the paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana, in the Queen Maud Mountains, Transantarctic Mountains. The Ackerman and Wyatt Formations are dominated by massive dacite lava flows and were erupted ca. 525 Ma. The Taylor, Fairweather, and Leverett Formations form a bimodal assemblage of basalts and rhyolites and were erupted ca. 515 Ma. The dacites of the Ackerman and Wyatt Formations are the most light rare earth element (REE) and large ion lithophile element (LILE) enriched rocks (La_N/Yb_N = 6.6–10.2; Th/Nb = 0.9–1.8) of the Liv Group. They have the lowest Nd_i (–1.8 to –3.1) of all the Liv Group volcanic rocks and are interpreted to be partial melts of continental crust. Sm-Nd model ages suggest that some of this crust may be as old as 1.5 Ga. The volumetrically minor basalts and basaltic andesites of the Taylor, Fairweather, and Leverett Formations are variably light REE and LILE enriched (varying from La_N/Yb_N = 1.5 to 6.0) and have Nd_i between 5.7 and –1.1. The most depleted of these basalts are transitional between normal midocean ridge basalt (MORB) and enriched MORB and are interpreted as melts of asthenospheric mantle that were variably enriched in light REE and LILE by melts from lithospheric mantle and/or continental crust. The rhyolites of the Taylor, Fairweather, and Leverett Formations have La_N/Yb_N = 2.8–6.0, Th/Nb = 1.0–1.6, and Nd_i between 2.1 and –2.8 and are interpreted as mixtures of fractionated mafic magma and crustal partial melt. The Liv Group rhyolites were probably generated in response to the mafic magmatism. The most likely tectonic setting for the Liv Group was in an extensional rift environment within or behind an active volcanic arc.

Key Words: bimodal magmas • geochemistry • Liv Group • rifting • Ross orogeny • Transantarctic Mountains

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