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Geophysical evidence for wedging in the San Gorgonio Pass structural knot, southern San Andreas fault zone, southern California

V.E. Langenheim^,1, R.C. Jachens^,1, J.C. Matti^,2, E. Hauksson^#,3, D.M. Morton^,4 and A. Christensen^,5

¹ U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
² U.S. Geological Survey, 520 N. Park Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
³ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
⁴ U.S. Geological Survey, Riverside, California 92521, USA
⁵ U.S. Geological Survey, San Diego, California 92123, USA

Geophysical data and surface geology define intertonguing thrust wedges that form the upper crust in the San Gorgonio Pass region. This picture serves as the basis for inferring past fault movements within the San Andreas system, which are fundamental to understanding the tectonic evolution of the San Gorgonio Pass region. Interpretation of gravity data indicates that sedimentary rocks have been thrust at least 5 km in the central part of San Gorgonio Pass beneath basement rocks of the southeast San Bernardino Mountains. Subtle, long-wavelength magnetic anomalies indicate that a magnetic body extends in the subsurface north of San Gorgonio Pass and south under Peninsular Ranges basement, and has a southern edge that is roughly parallel to, but 5–6 km south of, the surface trace of the Banning fault. This deep magnetic body is composed either of upper-plate rocks of San Gabriel Mountains basement or rocks of San Bernardino Mountains basement or both. We suggest that transpression across the San Gorgonio Pass region drove a wedge of Peninsular Ranges basement and its overlying sedimentary cover northward into the San Bernardino Mountains during the Neogene, offsetting the Banning fault at shallow depth. Average rates of convergence implied by this offset are broadly consistent with estimates of convergence from other geologic and geodetic data. Seismicity suggests a deeper detachment surface beneath the deep magnetic body. This interpretation suggests that the fault mapped at the surface evolved not only in map but also in cross-sectional view. Given the multilayered nature of deformation, it is unlikely that the San Andreas fault will rupture cleanly through the complex structures in San Gorgonio Pass.

Key Words: San Andreas fault • wedging • gravity data • magnetic data • Banning fault • San Gorgonio Pass

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